Trauma as Etiology Seminar Topics by Week

Spring 2003 Graduate Seminar
Jennifer J. Freyd & Pamela Birrell
University of Oregon

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See Course Bibliography for additional readings

March 31: Organizational

April 7: Overview of the trauma consequences

Discussion Leaders: Carolyn Allard & Rose Barlow (April 7 Class Notes)

Readings:

• Ross, C.A (2000) The Trauma Model: A solution to the problem of comorbiditity in psychiatry. Richardson Texas: Manitou Communications, Inc. Pages 1-63
• Read, J., & Fraser, A. (1998). Abuse histories of psychiatric inpatients: To ask or not to ask? Psychiatric Services, 49(3), 355-359.
• Kendall-Tackett, K. (2000). The long-term health effects of victimization. Joining Forces, 5(1), 1-4.
• Felitti, V. J. (2002). The relationship between adverse childhood experiences and adult health: Turning gold into lead. The Permanente Journal, 6, 44-47.

April 14: Physical Health effects

Discussion Leaders: Jessica Kieras & Bridget Klest (April 14 Class Notes)

Readings:

• Felitti, V. J. (1991). Long-term medical cosequences of incest, rape, and molestation. Sourthern Medical Journal, 84(3), 328-331.
• Kendall-Tackett, K. (2000). Physiological correlates of childhood abuse: Chronic hyperarousal in PTSD, depression, and irritable bowel syndrome. Child Abuse & Neglect, 24, 799-810.
• Kendall-Tackett, K. (2001). Chronic pain: The next frontier in child maltreatment research. Child Abuse & Neglect, 25, 997-1000.
• Romans, S., Belaise, C., Martin, J., Morris, E., & Raffi, A. (2002). Childhood abuse and later medical disorders in women. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 71, 141-150.
• Zurbriggen, E.L. & Freyd, J.J. (in press) The link between childhood sexual abuse and risky sexual behavior: The role of dissociative tendencies, information-processing effects, and consensual sex decision mechanisms. In Linda Koenig, Ann O'Leary, Lynda Doll, & Willo Pequenat (Eds.) From Child Sexual Abuse to Adult Sexual Risk: Trauma, Revictimization, and Intervention. Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association.

April 21: Neurobiological and cognitive effects

Discussion Leaders: Lisa Cromer, Anne Mannering, & George Hanawahine (April 21 Class Notes)

Readings:

• Freyd, J.J. (2003). What is a Betrayal Trauma? What is Betrayal Trauma Theory? Retrieved April 8, 2003 from http://dynamic.uoregon.edu/~jjf/defineBT.html.
• Freyd, J.J. (2003). What about Recovered Memories? Retrieved April 8, 2003 from http://dynamic.uoregon.edu/~jjf/whatabout.html
• Freyd, J.J., DePrince, A.P., & Zurbriggen, E.L. (2001) Self-reported memory for abuse depends upon victim-perpetrator relationship. Journal of Trauma & Dissociation 2(3), 5-17.
• Kendall, J. (2003) How child abuse and neglect damage the brain. Boston Globe, Page C1, September 24, 2002.
• Sivers, H., Schooler, J. , Freyd, J. J. (2002) Recovered memories. In V.S. Ramachandran (Ed.) Encyclopedia of the Human Brain, Volume 4. (pp 169-184). San Diego, California and London: Academic Press.
• Teicher, M. H. (2002) Scars that won't heal: The neurobiology of child abuse. Scientific American, 68-75 (March 2002).
• Van der Kolk, B.A. (1996) The body keeps the score: Approaches to the psychobiology of posttraumatic stress disorder. In B.A. van der Kolk, A.C. McFarlane & L. Weisaeth (Eds.), Traumatic Stress (pp. 214-241). New York: Guilford Press.

April 28: Effects on psyche/emotions/relationships/distress PART I

Discussion Leaders: Shari Lum & Julien Guillaumot (April 28 Class Notes)

Readings:

• Ross' Trauma Model (p 69-219)
• Fromm, S. (2001) Total Estimated Cost of Child Abuse & Neglect In The United States (2001), From Prevent Child Abuse America, Retrieved 17 April 2003 from http://www.preventchildabuse.org/learn_more/research_docs/cost_analysis.pdf
  
  

May 5: Effects on psyche/emotions/relationships/distress PART II

Discussion Leaders: Carole Dorham, Jennifer Hogansen, & Allison Lau (May 5 Class Notes)

Readings:

• Johnson, J. G., Cohen, P., Brown, J., Smailes, E. M., & Bernstein, D. P. (1999). Childhood maltreatment increases risk for personality disorders during early adulthood. Archives of General Psychiatry, 56, 600-606.
• Johnson, J. G., Cohen, P., Gould, M.S., Kasen, S., Brown, J., &Brook, J.S. (2002) Childhood Adversities, Interpersonal Difficulties, and Risk for Suicide Attempts During Late Adolescence and Early Adulthood. Archives of General Psychiatry 59, 741-749.
• Kendler, K.S., Bulik, C.M., Silberg, J., Hettema, J.M., Myers, J., & Prescott, C.A. (2000) Childhood Sexual Abuse and Adult Psychiatric and Substance Use Disorders in Women: An Epidemiological and Cotwin Control Analysis Archives of General Psychiatry 57, 953-959.
• Nelson, E.C., Heath, A.C., Madden, P.A.F., Cooper, M.L., Dinwiddie, S.H., Bucholz, K.K., Glowinski, A., McLaughlin, T., . Dunne, M.P., Statham, D.J., & Martin, N.G. (2002) Association Between Self-reported Childhood Sexual Abuse and Adverse Psychosocial Outcomes: Results From a Twin Study. Archives of General Psychiatry 59, 139-145.
• Read, J., D. Perry, B., Moskowitz, A., & Connolly, J. (2001). The contribution of early traumatic events to schizophrenia in some patients: A traumagenic neurodevelopmental model. Psychiatry, 64(4), 319-345.
• Widom, C.S. (1999) Childhood Victimization and the Development of Personality Disorders: Unanswered Questions Remain. Archives of General Psychiatry, 56, 607-608.

Web resource:

• Leader Council's "Association between Childhood Sexual Abuse History and Adverse Psychosocial Outcomes." (Description "Nonclinical studies using rigorous designs that have examined the relationship between child sexual abuse and psychological harm, after controlling for Social Environment.") At:http://www.leadershipcouncil.org/Research/CSA/csa.html

May 12: Interventaion and Prevention (Focus on Epistemology and Discourse)

Discussion Leaders: Rachel Goldsmith & M.S. (May 12 class notes)

Readings:

• Ross' Trauma Model, pages 225-353 on therapy
• Five excerpts from fiction:
  • Allison, Dorothy. Bastard Out of Carolina. New York: Penguin, 1992. 278-291.
  • Cao, Lan. Monkey Bridge. New York: Penguin Books, 1997. 1-11.
  • McCall, Nathan. Makes Me Wanna Holler. New York: Random, 1994. 3-10, 39-49.
  • Morrison, Tony. Beloved. New York, Plume, 1987, 210-217.
  • O'Brien, Tim. The Things They Carried. New York: Broadway Books, 1990. 75-91.
  • Silko, Leslie Marmon. Ceremony. New York: Penguin, 1977. 1-21 (optional), 55-61,100-107

May 19: Effects on Political Processes

Discussion Leaders: Sara Wilson, Stephanie Allred, & Jessica Smith (May 19 class notes)

Readings:

• Introduction and Chapter 1 "Hear no evil, see no evil" (pages 1-29) of Millburn, M.A. & Conrad, S.D. (1996) The Politics of Denial. Cambidge, MA: The MIT Press.
• Part 1 "Early Personal Experiences Determine Political Behavior" (pages 1- 45) from DeMause, Lloyd (2002) The Emotional Life of Nations. New York: Karnac.
• Chapter "Adolf Hitler's Childhood: From Hidden to Manifest Horror" (pages 142-197) from Miller, A. (1980). For your own good: Hidden cruelty in child-rearing and the roots of violence. New York: Farrar.
  

May 26: NO CLASS MEMORIAL DAY

June 2: More on Intervention and Prevention

Discussion Leaders: Linda Ivy & Ted Gardner (June 2 class notes)

Readings:

• Birrell, P.J. & Freyd, J.J. (in press) Betrayal Trauma: Relational Models of Harm and Healing. Journal of Trauma Practice.
• Goodman, E. (2002) A pill for what haunts you. Boston Globe, p A19, 14 November 2002
• Grand, S., & Alpert, J.L. (1993) The core trauma of incest: An object relations view. Professional Psychology Research and Practice, 24, 330-334.
• Pennebaker, J.W. (1997). Writing about emotional experiences as a therapeutic process. Psychological Science, 8, 162-166.
• Rogers, A.G. (1994) Exiled Voices: Dissociation and the "Return of the Repressed" in Women's Narratives. Stone Center Work in Progress No 67.
• Slater, L. (2003) Why Is Repression Possibly Better Than Your Therapist? New York Times, February 23, 2003 (The article is also at: http://www.skfriends.com/why-repression-best.htm )
• Vedantam, S (2002) Against Depression, a Sugar Pill Is Hard to Beat: Placebos Improve Mood, Change Brain Chemistry in Majority of Trials of Antidepressants, Washington Post, May 7, 2002; Page A01.
• Walker, M. (2001) When racism gets personal: Toward relational healing. Stone Center, Work in Prgress No 93.
  
  

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